Property Valuation

Introduction Property evaluation refers to all activities that are aimed at establishing the value of an item which may be a house, land, machine, furniture or vehicle. However, this paper will refer to property as a housing unit for a family. Therefore, this discussion will focus on the considerations of evaluating the value of a house located in the outskirts of New York City (Evett 22).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Property Valuation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main aspects observed during property valuation are income, cost, market value, location and government policies regarding this practice. This paper explores the property evaluation considerations a person must observe before selling or buying a property in the United States. Background Property valuation is an old tradition that was used to determine the market value of commodities. This practice is believed to have been in existence d uring and after barter trade. Money had not yet been invented as a medium of exchange and people exchanged goods and services for other goods and services to enable them to get what they did not produce (Ross 21). This was the best way of getting what people wanted even though it was not a logical approach since it was very difficult to estimate the value of a service or good. Modern societies have different ways of determining the worth of a product through weighing or equating them to other standard ways of measurements. Therefore, it was necessary to know the value of a product or service that matched the value of its alternative product to ensure a person gets the correct value of the product exchanged. Therefore, people used to know how many kilogrammes of flour would be exchanged for a goat. However, there were other serious challenges facing barter trade that led to the introduction of money as a medium and means of exchange of goods and services. Money has simplified all tra nsactions involved in trading activities and mad it easy to determine the value of commodities in the market.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The International Valuation Standards Council is a body that was established in 1981 to develop consistency in the standards used to evaluate the value of goods across international borders. This body ensures local valuation agencies observe ethical and legal issues when evaluating the value of different property. Literature Review Soil Properties: Testing, Measurement, and Evaluation by Jack Evett Jack Evett believes that land is the most important property amongst all others since its value will never depreciate. According to him people should invest their money in real estates and land since these are property that will attract good rates in the coming years. He claims that the United States is facing a huge land crisis due to its huge population and the demand for land to construct houses for settlement and business activities. In addition, food supply is also a challenging issue and most Americans are looking for land in the suburbs to grow natural foods. He argues that other property like vehicles, furniture, and buildings will depreciate in value and this will not generate good profits. However, the demand for land will ensure people struggle to purchase land at whatever cost the seller will be offering. As a result, mortgages will be very expensive to finance, and bank loans will attract huge interest rates. However, he claims that the prices of family houses may remain steady, and their value will not depreciate very fast since they are kept well (Ross 18). Family house owners ensure they repair their houses regularly, and this helps to keep them in good conditions. However, the prices for hiring family houses will escalate due to demand by locals and foreigners to get these houses. The new immigrat ion bill will enable people to migrate to America and get permanent permits that will force them to rent houses. Evett states that the following are some of the most important issues to consider when purchasing a family house. First, the new owner must evaluate the location of the house in light of the future plans adopted by the local authorities. This will help in avoiding inconvenience caused by relocations and uncomfortable neighbourhood. Lastly, he argues that insurance is an important aspect in property valuation due to risks like fire, earthquakes, flooding and other accidents. Assessor Incentives and Property Assessment by Justin Ross Justin Ross is an esteemed property evaluator and has worked in many organisations as a property value assessor and educator in this field. He argues that property evaluation is an old age tradition that changes depending on the needs of the society and the medium of exchange.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Property Valuation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to him modern societies have been transformed by the money economy and everything is now being evaluated against the value of the currency used in that nation. He claims that land and housing units are the main property affected by evaluation and this seems to attract a lot of attention from investors. He creates a dynamic relationship between housing units and land and explains that land is a natural resource that cannot be recycled. He argues that buildings can be repaired or renovated to uplift their faces, and this restores their value. However, land is limited in supply, and this means that its value will continue to rise as demand for tit increases (Ross 77). On the other hand, the value of housing units will be determined by the state of the unit. Old units will fetch low prices while new ones will attract heavy prices. In addition, he notes similarities between these two it ems and explains that their value depends with where they are located, the market trends and the taxation policies imposed on them. This means that a house or land will be expensive if it is located in a prime area (urban areas that have good transport and communication network). On the other hand, those that are located in poorly accessible areas will be cheap even if they will be of the same size and quality as those in the urban areas. Secondly, urban regions are heavily taxed to ensure the local authorities provide all essential services to the population; therefore, all property in this region will be expensive. This means that a region that has high taxation rate will cost more than that with a low one because the tax will be transferred to the consumer. Ross concludes that houses that are old or those located in risky areas have high insurance premiums compared to those that are located in areas that are not prone to risks. Research and Facts The following issues are very imp ortant when considering a house to buy. People must always consult the relevant authorities to get information about their property before purchasing them even if the property will not be resold. People must stay in good houses that provide all services required by the occupants. Therefore, it is important to consider the following issues before investing in a family house.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Insurance Insurance refers to the process of safeguarding a property against damages and risks associated with human activities and natural calamities. Nobody is ever sure of what will happen tomorrow and thus people must insure their property to ensure they avoid suffering losses when the property is destroyed. Property insurance involves visiting insurance companies and signing contracts with them regarding safeguarding a property. The insurance firm must have all the details regarding the house before they agree to enter into a deal with a client. Therefore, they will consult property valuators and other related stakeholders and work with them to establish the actual value of the house. A house that has already been insured will not attract new charges since the firm has most details of that property. However, it is important to evaluate the value of that property to establish the actual condition of the house since this will form the foundation of determining the premium to be p aid to the insurance firms. When an investor is looking for a family house, the insurance premium paid per unit will give clues regarding the risks that the unit is exposed to and this will be an insight into the quality of the house. A high premium rate may be due to the following important aspects. First, a house that has been constructed in the modern way and has the state of the art facilities will attract heavy premiums since its value will be very high due to the materials, fittings and facilities installed in the house. Secondly, a house that is located in a region where there are various risks that may interfere with its quality will attract a high premium rate. This means that houses located near roads, beaches, deserts or forests are prone to natural hazards and thus means that there will be high probabilities of risks occurring. For instance, a house located near a beach is more likely to be destroyed by flooding or tornadoes compared to one that is located in the midland s. Thirdly, houses that are in poor conditions will also attract heavy premiums since they are likely to collapse and require repairs that may cost the owner a lot of money. Property Tax Property tax refers to the money paid to the government by all property owners. People must register their property and pay tax for them to ensure the government is able to plan on how to provide essential services to its citizens. Land and houses attract huge taxes since their value is high compared to that of other property. For that reason, house and land owners must be prepared to pay huge taxes to the government. These taxes are used to provide services like security, water and sewerage, electricity and transport that are very important in all settings. An investor who is willing to buy a house must evaluate the tax levied on it before buying the house since some taxes may be very high and unaffordable by many people. In most urban areas property tax is very high since the government assumes th at urban dwellers are very rich and cannot fail to pay the taxes (Evett 26). In addition, urban centres require frequent services to ensure there is efficiency in disposal of garbage, transport, water and security services. On the other hand, people living in rural areas pay very little property tax since they do not require a lot of these services. An urban area has a huge population, and this means that the people living in it have many demands; therefore, the government must ensure that it collects enough money from them to enable it to provide good services to the population. Sometimes property tax can be higher that renting houses since the government assumes that once an individual has constructed a house there must be security for it whether there is someone living in it or not (Ross 78). Therefore, this makes property tax in urban areas to be very high and keep changing every year. An investor should use the property tax index to determine his ability to finance the house in terms of taxation since this is a mandatory requirement in all nations. Maintenance and Repair A house is a complicated property since it requires frequent maintenance and repair whether an accident occurs or not. This means that the prices of houses depreciate and thus there is the need to repair them to ensure their faces are renovated. However, there are different types of houses that require different repair services and most of these may be determined by the following aspects. First, a new house will require no repair services in the next two or three years after it has been occupied; however, an old one may require periodic repairs since most of the material used to construct it may be getting old and worn out. This means that there will be the need to replace tiles, ceilings, cabinets, floor and windows. In addition, an old house has already been exposed to some elements of nature like sunshine and hailstorms that may require the owner to replace the iron sheets. In addition , a person who has a family and kids that are between 4-12 years should be prepared to conduct regular repair and maintenance since children are very stubborn and may break some items in the house when playing. Moreover, an individual should consider investing in a house that has very few delicate items like glassware since these are easily broken and thus may lead to unnecessary expenses in terms of repairing and maintaining them. However, if it is an office, there is no problem having a glass wall since there are not children to break the glasses. However, it is important to understand that irrespective of the house, children or other risky items associated with houses an individual must conduct regular repair and maintenance services to ensure the house is of high quality and attractive should he decide to sell it ion the future. Rentals Rent is a headache tenants have to grapple with during end months since they constitute a large portion of their expenses. This means that most people especially in the United States pay a lot of money as rent. This figure is even higher that the amount used to buy food. However, since people can not live in the open space, they must rent or buy houses to live in and ensure they are comfortable. It is important to understand and that a good house will cots very expensive compared to an average and a poor one. However, everybody cannot live in good houses since people have other urgent needs like education, loans and school fees; therefore, they cannot use all their money to pay rents. In addition, no one will ever live in the best house in the world since there is no appropriate definition of this term. A house can be good but not affordable, and this does make it the best house (Ross 87). On the other hand, it can be affordable but of poor quality, and this means that people cannot live in it. Therefore, an investor should compare the price of renting a house for a period like 10 years and buying it through the various fin ancing options available. However, the difference between buying and renting houses will be determined by other factors like availability of funds and repayment periods for mortgages. Individuals should consult the relevant house agents, newspapers and websites to find out how much it will cost them to buy or rent houses before they decide to take the best amongst the many options available. The United States has a wide disparity between expensive and cheap houses depending on their locations, standards, age and facilities installed in them. Property Description The description of a property speaks more than any other aspect of property evaluation. Therefore, this should form the cornerstone of the evaluation process since all other aspects like insurance, tax and rent are determined by the description of a property. A property is described in the following ways; first, an individual evaluates the age of a property before deciding whether to buy it or not. A newly constructed house will cost more than an old one even if they are of the same quality. On the other hand, a new house that has been previously occupied even by one tenant will cost different from a newly constructed one. Moreover, the value of houses depreciates as time moves and this means that a 10 year old house will cost more than a 20 year old one. Secondly, the materials used to construct a house will also determine its value and the people who can buy the property. A property constructed from wood, glass and marble will cost more expensive compared to one that is constructed from stones or bricks only. There are other materials that can be used to reinforce the quality of a house and the more expensive these materials cost the more it will cost the investor to buy the house. Utilities The local authorities and engineering and construction boards in the United States must evaluate a property before it is declared for people to live in it. This means that there are regulations that must be obser ved before a person is allowed to contrasts a house to enable the local authority incorporate the property in its plans. Therefore, an individual must seek approval from the local engineering and construction board and the local authority to ensure that he has conformed to all regulation of constructions. This usually begins with consulting architects that will give a client the plan of a region and how services are provided (Evett 109). The client will also see the location of his property and how it interacts with other public utilities like water, sewerage, electricity and roads. These items are very important all constructions since they determine how a house will be accessed from different locations. In addition, they determine the hygienic levels of a property and how wastes will be disposed. Therefore, an investor should evaluate the proximity of a property to the main road, hospital, school, church, urban centre and sports facilities. This will help the home owner to know ho w much it will cost him get these services. In addition, it will help him to plan his routine well and keep time to attend to his duties and that of his family. Secondly, sewage and water network are very important, and an individual must know where he will get water and dispose his waste. An individual must buy a house that has reliable water and electricity supply and has a working drainage system to ensure the person lives in a healthy environment. Income People must not force themselves to buy what their pockets cannot afford since this will affect their budgets and expose them to financial constraints. Even though, people have different plans, and everyone wants to live in a good house this has never been possible all the time because of several reasons. Money speaks louder than words and wishes; therefore, people should learn to live within their incomes. Most Americans earn an average salary that can afford them good houses (Ross 108). However, acquiring these good houses is determined by their prices, location and taxation and thus they should allocate sufficient amount of money to rent or buy houses they can afford. Sometimes financial institutions offer attractive terms to ensure people are encouraged to apply for loans. These loans are very important in providing quick access to property ownership since banks give people enough money according to their plans and financial abilities. However, these offers should not be considered at the expense of other needs of the family like food, education and medical bills. Even though, there are mortgage firms that give people soft long term loans to buy assets like houses, they should every careful not to spend the whole of their working lifetime to pay for a single housing unit. People should not spend more than what they can since this will means that they will be creating unnecessary debts that can lead to repossession of their property. Therefore, it is important for people to purchase or rent houses they can afford to pay without straining their budgets and inconveniencing other needs. It is very illogical to spend 80% of an individual’s salary to pay rent or bank loans, yet there are houses that can be purchased at low costs. In fact, an individual’s income and savings can determine whether the person can rent or buy a house and also give an approximate value of a house the person is capable of buying or renting. The current financial situation cannot allow low income earners to get loans to buy houses since the interest rates on these loans are very high. In addition, the high inflation rate makes people to give food and medical needs first priorities and consider other needs later. Market Values Property owners do not just wake up and decide to fix the value of their property since this would cause a serious crisis on the market. Even though, people use their money to construct, buy or rent houses or land they cannot decide their prices. Property evaluation is simil ar to other business activities that take place within a country or outside its boundaries. Therefore, there are other market factors that will determine the value of a property when all other factors held constant. The most important external factor is the value of a currency in the international market. This means that a currency that has a high value in international trade will means that the economy of that country is very stable. For instance, the value of the United States’ dollar has been fairly stable for a long time, and this means that the value of its property has remained high. On the other hand, when a currency has a low value on the international market the economy of that country will be very poor. Even though, the price of land and buildings will be lower in the latter case people will not be willing to invest in them since there will be no demand for real estates or land. Therefore, people should consider buying a property located in nations that have high cu rrency values like that of the United State since they will be sure that their property will appreciate in value, and they will sell it at a high price. Documentation Documentation is an important part of property ownership since it gives an insight into the legitimacy of a property and the transactions involved. An investor should demand to see the legal documents from the registrar of lands or property to evaluate the legitimacy of that property. Some unscrupulous traders have conned people their money by selling to them property that belong to the government. Most people have been conned into buying land belonging to schools, churches or other public amenities like parks and road. Therefore, it is important to seek to know whether a property belongs to an individual (private) or to the government (public). Secondly, it is important to know that the person whose details appear as the owner of the property is the high physical owner recognised by the government. This means that the individual must produce a land ownership permit (title deed) to prove that he is the owner of a property. Secondly, the house should have all the legal documentation that shows the construction adheres to the standards set by the government and engineering and constructions board. Security It is important to ensure that their property is secured from man made and natural disasters that may interfere with them. This may occur as damages or destruction of the property (Evett 56). However, people must not focus on protection of their property and forget about their health and wellbeing. Therefore, they should focus on protecting their property and ensuring that their health is safeguarded. Assumptions Most people assume that an attractive property is always expensive and forget that the value of a property is determined by many factors. In addition, most house owners believe that their property will appreciate in value after some time and forget that they must repair and maintain the quality of heir property. Moreover, they forget that even if they try to maintain the appearance of their houses their values will depreciate compared to that of land. Lastly, they believe that the government should not tax private property; however, they fail to understand that they need security, roads, and water and sewer services which are offered through the funds obtained from taxes collected from different departments. In addition, some people have always believed that it is very difficult to estimate the value of an old property. However, this belief is false since property evaluators are able to estimate the price of all property based on the procedure and elements observed. Conclusion People have always been fascinated by prices of commodities that are important in their daily lives. Food and fuel costs are daily struggles that make people frustrated or happy depending on their financial impacts on their budgets. However, another nightmare is slowly creeping in the minds o f most Americans as the demand for housing units continues to soar. The United States Immigration Department is creating room for more immigrants that will lead to struggle for the limited houses. Therefore, this will force home owners to raise the prices of their houses, mortgage rates will increase, and financial institutions will raise interest rates on loans. However, these issues will not change overnight since there are some considerations that must be observed before the price of a property is increased or reduced. Works Cited Evett, Jack. Soil Properties: Testing, Measurement, and Evaluation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2008. Print. Ross, Justin. Assessor Incentives and Property Assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. This term paper on Property Valuation was written and submitted by user Cruz U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why Racism in Health Care Is Still a Problem Today

Why Racism in Health Care Is Still a Problem Today Eugenics, segregated hospitals and the  Tuskegee Syphilis Study  exemplify how pervasive racism in health care once was. But even today, racial bias continues to be a factor in medicine.   While racial minorities are no longer unknowingly used as guinea pigs for medical research or denied entry into hospitals because of their skin color, studies have found that they don’t receive the same standard of care as their white counterparts. Lack of diversity training in health care and poor cross-cultural communication between doctors and patients are some of the reasons why medical racism persists. Unconscious Racial Biases Racism continues to affect health  care because many physicians remain unaware of their unconscious racial biases, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health in March 2012. The study found that a staggering two-thirds of doctors exhibited racial bias towards patients. The researchers determined this by asking doctors to complete the Implicit Association Test, a computerized assessment that calculates how fast test subjects associate people from different races with positive or negative terms. Those who link people of a certain race with positive terms more quickly are said to favor that race. The doctors who participated in the study were also asked to associate racial groups with terms that signal medical compliance. Researchers found that the doctors exhibited a moderate anti-black bias and thought of their white patients as more likely to be â€Å"compliant.† Forty-eight percent of the health professionals were white, 22 percent were black and 30 percent were Asian. The non-black health care professionals exhibited more pro-white bias, while black health care professionals did not exhibit bias in favor or against any group. The outcome of the study was especially surprising, given that the doctors who participated served in inner city Baltimore and were interested in serving underprivileged communities, according to lead author, Dr. Lisa Cooper of the John Hopkins University School of Medicine. Beforehand, the physicians failed to recognize that they preferred white patients to black ones. â€Å"It’s hard to change subconscious attitudes, but we can change how we behave once we are made aware of them,† Cooper says. â€Å"Researchers, educators and health professionals need to work together on ways to reduce the negative influences of these attitudes on behaviors in health care.† Poor Communication Racial biases in health care also influence the way doctors communicate with their patients of color. Cooper says that doctors with racial biases tend to lecture black patients, speak more slowly to them and make their office visits longer. Doctors who behaved in such ways typically made patients feel less informed about their health care. Researchers determined this because the study also included an analysis of recordings of visits between 40 health care professionals and 269 patients from January 2002 to August 2006. Patients filled out a survey about their medical visits after meeting with doctors. Poor communication between doctors and patients can result in patients canceling follow up visits because they feel less trust in their physicians. Doctors who dominate conversations with patients also run the risk of making patients feel as if they don’t care about their emotional and mental needs. Fewer Treatment Options Bias in medicine may also lead physicians to inadequately manage the pain of minority patients. A number of studies have shown that doctors are reluctant to give black patients strong doses of pain medication. A University of Washington study released in 2012 found that pediatricians who exhibited a pro-white bias were more inclined to give black patients who’d undergone surgical procedures ibuprofen instead of the more potent drug oxycodone. Additional studies found that physicians were less likely to monitor the pain of black children with sickle cell anemia or to give black men visiting emergency rooms with chest pain complaints diagnostic tests such as cardiac monitoring and chest X-rays. A 2010 University of Michigan Health study even found that black patients referred to pain clinics received roughly half the amount of drugs that white patients received. Collectively, these studies indicate that racial bias in medicine continues to affect the quality of care minority patients obtain. Lack of Diversity Training Medical racism won’t disappear unless doctors receive the training necessary to treat a wide range of patients. In his book, Black Blue: The Origins and Consequences of Medical Racism, Dr. John M. Hoberman, chair of Germanic studies at the University of Texas at Austin, says that racial bias persists in medicine because medical schools don’t teach students about the history of medical racism or give them appropriate diversity training. Hoberman told the Murietta Daily Journal that medical schools must develop race relations programs if medical racism is to cease. Such training is vital because doctors, as studies reveal, aren’t immune to racism. But it’s unlikely that physicians will confront their biases if medical schools and institutions don’t require them to do so.

A girl named Maria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A girl named Maria - Essay Example It has been believed that certain individuals have specific roles to play in society. During the ancient times, males were already considered as the providers and protectors of their families and their tribes. Females had the role of taking care of the children and the home.Patriarchy, which was the setup during the olden days up until centuries ago, is the sociological condition wherein the males are considered to be more dominant than the females. More often than not, in this particular type of social setup, males are those in positions of power and enjoy more rights than the females. The society is said to be reigned by either a single male or a group of males. Females, including children, as a result of this type of social organization, are then forced to assume subordinate roles.In Latin America, the culture has been influenced by several other cultures, mainly by the Europeans and the Africans. Nonetheless, just like any other society and culture, which have the tendency to evo lve through time, patriarchy in Latin America has already experienced a decline, giving females much more power and responsibility, somehow offering them a more solid stand as to their place in society.On the other hand, another pressing issue worldwide, which also takes place in Maria's story, is political corruption. In its very sense, political corruption is the improper use of government or political power, usually for personal gain. No form of government is safe from corruption. Though it may display itself in different manners, the most common manifestations are "patronage, bribery, extortion, influence peddling, fraud, embezzlement, and nepotism" (Wikipedia, 2006). When a country is experiencing political corruption, it will be much more difficult for the country to progress, including its citizens. Not only does it compromise the general development of the country, but its development in all other aspects as well. With the political and economic status of Colombia, it is imminent that its citizens will suffer the consequences of other people's actions, with Maria being one perfect example of such an individual. Living in a patriarchal society, she is unable to exercise her rights in the fullest sense, as women are not given that much power, voice, and opportunities. Coupled with the kind of poverty that Maria and her family are experiencing, it is not surprising that she will want to look elsewhere for other opportunities, in order to give herself, her future child, and her family a better life than what they have at present, and something that they most definitely deserve. Just like any other person who is under extreme poverty, Maria made a quick life-changing decision without weighing the consequences and understanding the possible risks involved. She was only focused on the goal of earning more money through a seemingly easy job in order to uplift herself and her family's status in life. The film Maria Full of Grace gives an initial impression of the movie being of a religious sort. However, when one takes a second look at it, realizations of the real meaning and the true story come out. Maria Full of Grace is a story of a young woman who embarks on a journey from her present life at Colombia to the possibility of a better life in New York. Maria Alvarez, the heroine of the story, is a newly-pregnant 17-year-old who lives with her family in Colombia. With her job removing thorns off roses in the farm, she supports those in her family who are financially dependent on her, what with her meager wage. However, just like any other person who is experiencing poverty, she wants more out of life. She wants to be able to escape the life that she is currently experiencing and move on to greener pastures, so to speak. Not only for

Legal Forms of Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Forms of Business Paper - Essay Example Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a kind of business structure wherein a business is to be carried by an individual or a married individual alone. If Miguel chooses this type of business structure he will find it is easy to operate, enjoy the profits and have the benefit of the flexibility of management. A sole proprietorship has fewer legal controls but at the same time has an unlimited personal liability (Reed, n. d.). Example: Miguel launches food services. The name of the company is Miguel’s Food Services. The name comes from the name of its sole owner, Miguel Garcia. Miguel invested $50,000 from his own funds and borrowed $100,000 from the bank for the business. Let us assume that the business failed after several months of operation, and he still owes the bank the amount of $50,000. As a sole owner, he is liable to pay the bank the whole amount from his personal assets. Miguel will find it difficult to attract investors under this set up. Because he is new in this kind of business, there is also the possibility of the flaw of management, as he does not possess the necessary skills needed in the business. Partnership A partnership is a kind of arrangement wherein two or more persons (not a married couple) agree to contribute money, labor, and skill to a business (Reed, n. d). Example: Let us suppose that Miguel accepts Peter as a general partner, each of them shares in the management of the business, shares in the profit and losses of the company and both of them are equally liable for the debt of the company. Each party must agree to the participation of its partner, and the partners can do it orally, in a written form or implied, and no formalities are required. It should be a good practice to have a written agreement to avoid future disputes (Cheeseman2010). Thus, Miguel, and Peter as business partners should write articles of partnership that spell out their terms of agreement in management, profit, or loss. Their Food Service does no t pay federal income taxes. Instead each partner should pay his or her income tax separately. This way, the government can trace if they declare their income and losses properly. General partners have the right to share in the management and also to share in the profits. Under the rule, no partner is allowed to receive a compensation for his performance in the business unless otherwise agreed upon. However, a partner is allowed reimbursement for business travel expenses and expenses incurred for the business. Limited Partnership Another possibility for Miguel is to consider the limited partnership wherein he can be a general partner and accept partners on a limited basis. As a general partner he manages the business and shares fully in its profits and losses. The limited partners share the profits of the organization but their losses are limited only to their shares in the company (Reed, n. d.) Let us take this example. The company is registered as Best Food Services, Ltd. The word Ltd. signifies that partners have limited participation in the company. Miguel, Peter, and James are partners. Miguel is the general partner; Peter and James are limited partners.

Globalization of one commodity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization of one commodity - Essay Example Instead, it is referred as the integration of commodities and labor markets among others. It has been ascertained that the nature pertaining to commodities along with commoditization within the global economies has greatly addressed the human societal structure. Further observations have revealed that complexity along with interconnectedness related to the global economy assists in the development of the analytical techniques (Cronon 97-130). In this regard, it has been assumed that these particular techniques will accelerate the trade between the multinational companies. The study related to the commodity chain basically offers solution to numerous globalization problems. It has been defined that â€Å"commodity chains are tools that enable one to study the operation of global capitalism beyond the territorial confines of the national economy† (Collins 1-2). The commodity chain assists in having a better understanding of the global connections. It further helps in the distrib ution of profits amidst the various commodities chain being framed. This study intends to discuss an important early phase i.e. early 20th century and prior in globalization related to a commodity i.e. coffee. The study will focus on evaluating the trend of progression of coffee as a globally used commodity that has viewed a major development within the past two centuries and beyond. In the era of 16th century, the Muslim coffee industry emerged with the arrival of the Europeans which facilitated in the ‘The Making of a Global commodity Out of Arabia’. It was in the year 1718 that coffee was transported to America from Europe. Correspondingly, it has been observed that the Dutch had forced the Javanese for production of coffee within the Asian colony. Later on, Amsterdam was transformed as the leading coffee ‘entrepot’ worldwide for centuries. It has been further revealed about globalization of coffee that the British were the first to provide coffee to Americans (Rivali

Importance of Environmental Care in Business

Importance of Environmental Care in Business The partners There are numerous significant choices which were touched base at when the unexpected mishap happened. The events and occasions that took place amid the occurrence ended the life of various people. The partners, for this situation, involve each who was influenced by the activities that happened amid the mishap. This incorporate; workers of Amtrak, the organization itself, its clients who were on the prepare, the railroad line proprietors, the holder of the towboat, the team and the skipper of the watercraft, the administration manufacturer of the scaffold, and the drift watch. The interests of the partners There are different advantages that the partners specified had. One of the interests is that they expected arrangement of security and insurance. Because representatives, their enthusiasm for the association is that they ought to be given generous compensations which coordinate with the administrations which they offer in the gathering. Additionally, employer stability and fulfillment is another intrigue which the specified partners may have towards the association. For the administration, its advantage is to guarantee that the representatives are ensured and that the specialists are shielded from any unsafe demonstrations. Additionally, the legislature has an enthusiasm for ensuring that the workers are not abused. The vast part of the corporate social duty falls under Amtrak since it is the primary partners. In any case, different partners had a role to play in regards to corporate social obligation. There are four angles which relate to the corporate social responsibility of the various partners amid the event of the mishaps. These incorporate; moral, legitimate, monetary and magnanimous. Corporate social duty In the ethical viewpoint, Amtrak has a social duty of guaranteeing that the social group where the occurrence happened is adjusted. After the mischance, it is the responsibility of the association to ensure that all individuals who were influenced unintentionally are paid. Additionally, they ought to make sure that the requirements of different people are met. Additionally, Amtrak ought to work towards upgrading its open connections. It ought to likewise put new decides that will restrain the event of the mischance. The administration additionally has one of the partners has a part to play in regards to the episode. Since it is entrusted with the obligation of securing the representatives, it ought to work towards observing if Amtrak has utilized qualified faculty in the association to guarantee that the clients are given sufficient administrations. In the lawful angles, there are a variety of aspects that ought to be put into thought. Amtrak ought to consider researching the reason for the crash. In that capacity, it ought to remunerate the families whose individuals kicked the bucket in the mischance. It ought to likewise react to the claims that are probably going to develop after the event of the crash. In the episode, it is apparent to illustrate that the reason for the mishap was not strikingly discovered. This is because the tugboat commander and the individual in charge of working the train were not in charge of the crash. Despite the way that the association was not lawfully in charge of the event of the mishap, it ought to assume its part of repaying its representatives. The administration likewise has a legitimate obligation of guaranteeing that the property of the people required in the mischance is not altered. In the financial perspective, Amtrak has a duty of ensuring both its partners and stockholders. Uniquely, the proprietors of the association who are the stockholders are probably going to be influenced more therefore of the mishap. All things considered, they will be changed with respect to back. Hence it is the duty of Amtrak to guarantee that the proprietors, representatives and the travelers are protected. The travelers ought to likewise be adjusted. Since Amtrak shapes a huge part of the financial cosmetics of the U.S, the occurrence is probably going to influence the stock exchange. It is, in this way, primary that the association guarantees that it concocts stringent measures to keep away from the unsettling power of the market and losing of significant financial specialists from the monetary structure. Concerning liberal perspective, it will-will fit for the administration, proprietors of Amtrak, the clients, and all the specified partners to hold hands and think of a philanthropy store that will help in the financing of the people who endured the tragedy. Moreover, an activity they ought to cooperate in helping the encompassing group. Conclusions and proposals Summarily, it is fundamental to bring up that the partners required in the occurrence activities in reacting to the social obligation to the encompassing group. From the perspectives recorded over the partners ought to guarantee that every one of them has a generous impact in alleviating the dangers related with the mischance. Additionally, they ought to ensure that they errand all the conceivable measures that will help in decreasing the risks of mishap event. Consequently, they ought to guarantee that the legal, moral, monetary and generous viewpoints. All things considered the partners will assume their parts in corporate social duty. References Halbert, T. (2015). Law and Ethics in the Business Environment, 8th Edition. [Kaplan]. Retrieved from https://kaplan.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781305483125/, Garner, A. Huff, W. (1997). The Wreck of Amtraks Sunset Limited: News Coverage of a Mass Transport Disaster. Disasters, 21(1), 4-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7717.00041

The Role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s Othello :: Othello Essays

The Role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello’s society only men made decisions. Thus, in Othello, the title character and other male characters drive the plot, leaving the women to deal with the consequences. Desdemona’s role in the play shows the way the male-dominated society treats women. Desdemona and Othello have just eloped at the beginning of the play. The first run-in with Desdemona is with her father, Brabantio. He asks her about her duties as a daughter, and she responds saying her duty as a wife now supercedes her former place. Society in the 1600s expected women to be subservient and obedient, as Brabantio’s outrage at Desdemona’s elopement shows. Women were required to remain loyal to men. Additionally, as a daughter, Desedmona was required to ask permission to be married, and because she did not she turned away from society’s expectations. However, by saying that she is now loyal to her husband more than to her father, Desdemona sticks with society’s expectations. But the shock of her marrying without permission was enough to anger and sadden Brabantio, the symbol for society in the beginning of the play. Once Iago has poisoned Othello’s mind with lies about an affair between Cassio and Desdemona, Othello becomes suspicious and distrusting of Desdemona. He is convinced that his wife is a whore, but never speaks to her about his suspicions. Othello refuses to confront Desdemona because, just as their society mandates, to him women are untrustworthy and decietful. Othello (and society) truly believes that if he asks her about Cassio, she will deny sleeping with him. Because Desdemona is a woman, she is not given a chance to speak on her own behalf. It is this same societal issue that played a part in her death. Othello the man and thus obviously stronger and more logical, suffocates Desdemona without hearing her side of the story first. The society in which they live gave Othello permission to kill Desdemona without her even really knowing why. The Role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s Othello :: Othello Essays The Role of Desdemona in Shakespeare’s Othello In Othello’s society only men made decisions. Thus, in Othello, the title character and other male characters drive the plot, leaving the women to deal with the consequences. Desdemona’s role in the play shows the way the male-dominated society treats women. Desdemona and Othello have just eloped at the beginning of the play. The first run-in with Desdemona is with her father, Brabantio. He asks her about her duties as a daughter, and she responds saying her duty as a wife now supercedes her former place. Society in the 1600s expected women to be subservient and obedient, as Brabantio’s outrage at Desdemona’s elopement shows. Women were required to remain loyal to men. Additionally, as a daughter, Desedmona was required to ask permission to be married, and because she did not she turned away from society’s expectations. However, by saying that she is now loyal to her husband more than to her father, Desdemona sticks with society’s expectations. But the shock of her marrying without permission was enough to anger and sadden Brabantio, the symbol for society in the beginning of the play. Once Iago has poisoned Othello’s mind with lies about an affair between Cassio and Desdemona, Othello becomes suspicious and distrusting of Desdemona. He is convinced that his wife is a whore, but never speaks to her about his suspicions. Othello refuses to confront Desdemona because, just as their society mandates, to him women are untrustworthy and decietful. Othello (and society) truly believes that if he asks her about Cassio, she will deny sleeping with him. Because Desdemona is a woman, she is not given a chance to speak on her own behalf. It is this same societal issue that played a part in her death. Othello the man and thus obviously stronger and more logical, suffocates Desdemona without hearing her side of the story first. The society in which they live gave Othello permission to kill Desdemona without her even really knowing why.

Culture of Armenia †history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs Essay

(I am trying to make art that relates to the deepest and most mythic concerns of humankind and I believe that, at this moment of history, feminism is humanism. Judy Chicago, 1990) Armenian traditions and culture made an Armenian woman unable to work outside of their homes for several decades. As women were supposed to marry at very young ages there was no need for personal and professional growth except being excellent households. In the first stage (0-19 years) of their lives, they were dependent financially on their families, especially fathers, after that they were depended on their husbands. As lives of many of Armenian girls were already decided before they were born, there was no room for education and career. However, even in that kind of situation, there were several motives for pushing women to education and workforce. Industrialization and technology development were some of those reasons. So, we may think that women were not utilized entirely by the society, that’s way with the development the role of women in the family decreased hence increased in the society. And as women started to enter the workforce and get out of their â€Å"home† comfort zone, the need for secure rights and respect increased by them. So, why it was not important to have rights within the family? Here come tradition and culture. Armenian women were always thought from their young ages, that family is the most valuable thing that can happen in their lives and family wife, the mother must always sacrifice their happiness, dreams and overall lives to build a strong and â€Å"child-friendly† environment within their families. As families were big (6 – 10 members) there was no time left for the women to think about their long-term goals and dreams. They were entirely taken by day-to-day household activities and child’s upbringing, however, I personally think that if girls were taught about other values from younger ages, the society would change itself even with very little steps. It is a cyclical system and all starts from the childhood. There is another argument, that we may also consider: women were accepted as the â€Å"tool† of continuing the nation with next generation. Women were blamed when they were not married because they will not be able to give a birth to a child, especially a boy. And those women who decided not to marry were forced to wear old, black clothes and they needed to cover their faces. There is another crucial fact, as many towns and villages couldn’t provide a primary education mothers were supposed to teach their children as well. So, the way that child’s brain and imagination will be shaped was in the hand of their mothers. At the first glance, we may think that women in poverty or girls who were married by force were the main engine of driving the society into feminist ideas. Because they were the ones who had no voice in the family and society, most of their husbands migrated to other towns to make money. In villages especially, women were publicly harassed for their speech in front of another man. However, the history showed us that feminists were from the elite class of the society, we can see lots of cases both in Armenia and worldwide. So, why were feminists from the highest social class, if they could have anything that they needed? There are several reasons for that, but in this paper, I will consider just two of them: being able to afford higher education; free time. A good education has always been an expansive experience. Even now, when almost every city has its own school and at least one university, for graduating you need to have money. What about 19th centuries? When people started to value the education and wealthy families were seeking to give their children the best education, both for their status and for their next generation’s welfare. Graduates from all institutions that provided higher education were from wealthy families. And only the most wealthy families will spend money for their daughter’s education. From that institutions, girls got only knowledge but a dream of getting more than just having husbands and children. They wanted to use their talents and knowledge to change something in this world. Education â€Å"educate† people to move forward and always take into account one’s individual ways of thinking, sometimes feelings and even just intuition when making decisions. However, all these cannot be i ntegrated into typical Armenian Family’s daily routine. Most of the decision was made by the man and sometimes never advised with the women. Even if the issue is really crucial and important for family’s future. So, the women are a subordinate, just an active resource that can be used based on man’s decision. Some people argue that while the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately harmed women, children, and family because it devalued motherhood. I would agree with some part of this statement, however, I will change a word in it: As the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately changed women, children, and family because it devalued patriarchal families. With the increase of women in the workforce the birth rate decreased. And women got less time to provide to their personal lives and more importantly number of children born by a single woman decrease.When women Ð °cquired greÐ °ter clÐ °ss stÐ °tus and power without conducting themselves differently from mÐ °les, feminist politics were undermined. Middle- Ð °nd lower-middle clÐ °ss women who were suddenly compelled by the ethos of feminism to enter the workforce did not feel liberated once they fÐ °ced the hard truth that working outside the home did not mean work in the home would be equally shÐ °red with mÐ °le partners. So, what is the reason? Is there any solution that could combine a working mother and more children in one family? Yes, in my point of view, there is one. If the life of a woman changes during decades, a routine of man was stable. They haven’t met any crucial changes in their daily routines and plans with this development. And here is the problem. If the father took some of the women’s activities and concerns within the family, everything would be balanced. Because the woman changes entirely after having a child, and in the workplaces, it is not always guaranteed that women could get her job back after maternity leave. Some countries found the solution: paternity leave. Fathers have equal rights to get leave for the newborn baby, and the problem is somehow solved. So, how is this connected to social status? Women from higher social classes have the opportunity of choosing. It can be just an ability to choose a dress or choose a life partner. Along with this, they have more time available (they have servants) for their own interests, so instead of doing household activities they are building their personalities and constructing their own lives. There are lots of examples of wealthy feminists from the history both worldwide and in Armenia. One of the most famous Armenian feminists was Serbouhi Dussab. She was a good example of well-educated, self-confident Armenian women. She was well-known in her time because she had a social status, and it made her voice to be heard. In the traditional Armenian society, it was not always easy to express your opinion as an individual, especially in novels. In her second novel (Siranush, published in 1884) she talked about family life, marriage and women’s right in Armenian families. She stepped into the sphere that was never touched deeply by women. Every question, especially regarding genders, have at least two viewpoints, and it is not always to be in the â€Å"middle†. Women should look into the question of gender equality with a cold heart and sharp mind, or else feelings will make a decision instead of them. This is what we can see in writings of Ms. Srbouhie Dussab. However, in Armenian society women were not only making a difference in literature but also found several charitable funds and organizations, which changed the society’s way of thinking step by step. Some of those organizations were: The School-Loving Ladies Society, founded in 1979 by Ms. Nurik Simanian, Ms. Taguhie Paltazarian, and Mrs. Armaveni Minassian. The goal of the society to promote education of Armenian girls and train teacher for provinces, set private free schools for Armenian girls ; â€Å"Education-loving Ladies†, founded in 1880 and society’s goal was to take care of poo rs, orphans, widows ; â€Å"Union of girls and young men† founded in 1919, an example of joint man and woman organization and â€Å"Armenian Women’s Association† founded in 1919, aimed to contribute to Armenian women’s moral intellectual, material and physical development, establish cooperation between all Armenian women, use Armenian potential to promote the Armenian Cause. The Armenian women’s charitable society of Tiflis Was the largest and long-lived women’s organization. On 4th of December, 1879 114 ladies gathered in the conference hall of the Mariamian-Hovnanian girls’ school, organized fundraising, raised 407 rubles for sending to Constantinople. On 31st of December, 1881 Society’s Charter was adopted. According to the Charter, the goal of the Society was to promote the education of women: a. by opening and maintaining a private school for females at its own cost b. by supporting parochial schools for females with its own funds as well as by assisting those women that wish to become teachers in parochial schools’. The society also granted scholarships for unmarried women to study education or medicine. Within first 10 years, Society organized 11 balls, 6 performances, 3 concerts, 2 public lectures, all of which proved quite successful as fund-raisers. One of the most memorable organizations was Armenian Society â€Å"Meghu† in Tiflis â€Å"Meghu† decided to stop poverty by waging war against women’s unemployment. First, there was the issue of cheap labor. The number of job-seekers is constantly on the rise and fear of starvation forces workers to accept lower wages. Second, there was a danger of the flaw of living at the expense of someone else’s labor. The founders of the Society divided those living at someone else’s labor into two groups, evil-doers or robbers, and beggars. †A beggar with his rags and nakedness does the same thing as a robber: beggary, too, is a trade and a mask, which can be used to peacefully rob someone without running any risk.† A power was needed that would help them at the time of despair and would encourage them. The class came to the conclusion that the existing charities were powerless to fight against a huge force of economic crisis. Those women came up with an idea of establishing a purely democratic association that would be able without hurting people’s self-respect to provide the unfortunate victims of our materialistic age, especially women. Armenian female workers are the most oppressed, ill-used and exploited social class because, on the one hand, of their shyness and, on the other hand, of the overall economic situation. Women earned their living with home-craft (ex. sewing, and they would make kopecks).The Society set a goal of establishing the †House of Work† (workshops) and of assisting in promoting the cause of eliminating illiteracy of poor women. Workshops, such as dress-making, dry-cleaning, cardboard, artificial flowers, basketry, cooking. For 13-17 years old-sold girls society opened a school. The final decision was that only girls that have a level of knowledge equal to the graduates of the parochial elementary school shall be admitted to the school at the Meghu House of Work. As mentioned before, a good education and self-confidence can have a cyclical effect and attract more women to take their lives in their hands. Maybe the engines of feminism revolution were a wealthy woman, but they helped the society to understand the importance of equality in every sphere of life. They changed the world by writing novels, founding organizations, societies, and schools. Importance of a good education is rising day-by-day and feminists have a huge role in it by their activities. They brought the problems of women from top to the lives of people and made middle- and low- social class women to think about their futures by themselves.

Personal responsibility Essay

If one cannot rely on himself, then others cannot rely on him. At some time in one’s life there will be someone who depends on them for something. If this person doesn’t have their self-figured out then how will they figure out how to take care of that person’s needs? You are the only one that can take control of your life and to rely on someone else to do it for you is hurting yourself and those around you. Personal responsibility is a necessity in life and also helps the community as a whole become more efficient. I was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps in 2012 and transitioning from the Military to the civilian life style with a pregnant wife was one of the most challenging periods of my life. Instead of taking a break from working and living at home with my mom and collecting unemployment benefits, I had personal responsibility to get up and find a job after getting out to do what it takes to take care of my family. After working full time for a year we were barely making it, living pay check to paycheck. During this time I was consistently looking for new job opportunities. I didn’t blame anyone for my poor situation but myself and realized if I didn’t do anything I would be stuck here for the rest of my life. I just recently moved to San Diego County, receiving better pay and benefits to support my family’s needs. While my current job is paying the bills and we are living comfortably, I start to look into the future. My son will grow up, and he will have more complex and expensive needs like School field trips, sports uniforms, and college Tuition. So I decided to go to school to advance my career in the IT industry. By the time I graduate with my bachelor’s degree, I will have 10 years of IT experience with certifications in specific fields. This goal will allow me to reach my financial goal before reaching the age of 30 and way before my son is ready for college. Getting a degree isn’t just a matter of going to school and graduating, there is work that is required to get the grades to pass and keeping a High GPA. That will take dedication to project groups, taking the time to do the reading, and write the essay. If you take the initiative to do more than just pass your class, it will reflect on your professional career. In conclusion, there are many things that come into play when it comes to personal responsibility. For me it was the fear of failure, the positive stress I instilled in myself to be motivated to excel my professional career for the sake of my family. In order to take care of others, first you must take care of yourself.

Essay about Reading by the Creek

Essay about Reading by the Creek Essay about Reading by the Creek Reading by the Creek It was a warm beautiful afternoon in late August, when I was sitting at my teacher, Mrs. Haun’s desk. I was just a child, six years old at the time. I looked at Mrs. Haun as she was dialing my mother’s number she peered back at me with utter disgust. When my mother answered on the other line, Mrs. Haun said â€Å"Mrs. Miller , hello this is Mrs. Haun† she paused for a brief moment and began talking again saying â€Å"yes Nikki is just fine, I would like for you to come in and have a meeting so I can discuss with you Nikki’s lack of reading. I am available this afternoon, can you come in today† she questioned my mother, then Mrs. Haun said â€Å"I will see you this afternoon at 3 o’clock then, thank you†. Then she hung up the phone. She looked back at me and said â€Å"your mother will be here soon and she will be very disappointed in you†, I just looked down at my hands which I had crossed on top of my blue jean skirt that mother had me wear. I was so scared that my mother would be ashamed of me for not knowing how to read and that I would be in trouble. The rest of that once proclaimed beautiful afternoon seemed as dark as a cellar. Not knowing exactly what was going to happen. Finally, the time that I had feared had came it was 3 o’clock all of my classmates had already gone home. My mother walked into Mrs. Haun’s classroom where I was sitting in time out, the first thing my mother asked her was â€Å"why do you have my daughter in time out† Mrs. Haun quickly said â€Å"she is in time out for not knowing how to read anything at all†, my mother was furious at this point, she looked at me and instructed me to get out of time out. She then looked back at my teacher and said â€Å"Nikki is only six years old, how can you expect her to know how to read everything you send home. She’s just a child†, Mrs. Haun tried telling my mother that I had fallen behind the other children that were in my class on reading skills all because I wasn’t being raised by both parents and even went as far as telling my mother that I would never have the skills to learn how to read, write legibly, add, or subtract. After hearing all of Mrs. Haun’s negativity about my upbringing , my mother looked at me and gave me and told me that I didn’t have anything to worry about , then she turned her attention back to my teacher. The words that came out of my mother’s mouth I will never forget, she said â€Å"I am not sure who you think you are to say that my daughter will never be as good as another student because she doesn’t have two parents raising her, since you brought it up, she didn’t have an option to have both of her parents, her father, my husband was killed two years ago in a car accident, but since you think my daughter can’t or won’t be able to do everything in school as well as another child, I will make sure you regret passing judgment on us or punishing Nikki for trying her best†. Mrs. Haun just sat there in a daze, she almost looked like a deer caught in the headlights of an oncoming vehicle, she started to say something, but my mother cut her off before she could, my mother then thanked her for her time and told her that she would see to it that I would get caught up before Christmas break . Mother instructed me to get my things and wait for her in the hallway that she needed to have a moment with my teacher, I did as she asked. I am not sure what was said between my mother and my

Greek, Roman Mythology vs Dc, Marvel Comics Research Paper

Greek, Roman Mythology vs Dc, Marvel Comics - Research Paper Example Basically, these tales were orally passed down from generation to generation and more than a span of numerous centuries, undergone a lot of changes. Iliad and the Odyssey were attributed by the ancient world – two epics regarded as the earliest and greatest arts of Greek literature to Homer. It is believed that Homer was the first poet who decided to record these myths into written usage; this is estimated to be during the eighth century B.C, hence conserving them for generations of the future. Most people and generations after the famous Homer have not relaxed looking at these tales since they address common issues concerning humanity. These stories were told in order to explain the human behavior, problems that are commonly pressing most communities and the surrounding world. Besides elaborating religious and natural origins, these myths also served humans with their neighbors and people history. In the case of Greeks, the myths poured much light on their lives aspects and the way they had turned to be what they used to be. It is anticipated that Greek mythology evolved nearly to 1000 years even before the Roman mythology came to existence; Greek mythology origin are still not known . The difference is: Roman mythology was as result of Rome inhabitants who created it as a religion and later on it was even adopted from the Greek mythology. The Roman and Greek mythology are similar in a way; Greek mythology focuses much on unexplainable great tales and the Roman mythology entails a lot of stories and battles between immortals in early centuries. Due to this fact, it is clearly evident that Roman and Greek mythologies are closely related due to their rich immortal tales. In as much Greek and Roman mythology are elaborate and descriptive, the two mythologies have differences. Greek mythology pours much light on great stories concerning mortals who took part in heroic deeds and

World History.The Effects of Slavery on Slave Owners Essay

World History.The Effects of Slavery on Slave Owners - Essay Example This paper seeks to attempt to try and validate the claims that although the entire commerce that was seen to exist between slave and master can essentially be considered to be a perpetual exercise exhibiting the most boisterous passions, with one part being marked by a degrading submission and the other being fundamentally characterized by unremitting despotism. In order for one to better understand the effects that slavery is seen to have had on the slave owners, it is important that one first grasps an understanding of what exactly is meant by the use of the term slavery. Slavery can be defined as being the condition or status of a given person where by the powers that are commonly seen to be attaching to the rights of ownership are seen to exercised. The person over whom slavery is being exercised is seen to be denied of all the basic human fundamental rights by the owner who regards the person as being mere property. Slavery was seen to have some rather wide ranging effects on t he individuals who practiced it ranging from the people that actually capture the slaves and resell them, the merchants engaging in slave trade as well as the individuals that purchase these slaves and become slave owners. While engaging in slavery is seen to have caused a large number of the slave owners to become